Tysabri : A picture is worth $6900!

My parents assured me that although they’ve gone to many MS events they had never been to a spectacle like this before.

Last night I trekked down to the basement of a branch of the AnMed hospital in Anderson, SC to attend an MS event my parents had alerted me to called Dialogue of Hope and Health. I can’t deny that I was hoping that the “hope” in the title of the event referred to the new oral medications soon to be available (at least in other countries) or perhaps stem cell developments. It turned out to be something between a sales pitch and damage control conducted by a local neurologist and a Tysabri sales rep.

In my opinion, it is a questionable ethical choice for a neurologist to invite his patients to a deceptively named seminar to be pitched to by a drug rep with only negative statements about alternatives and without providing a forum for the other MS DMD manufacturers to respond to allegations leveraged by the doctor and rep or to the questions posed by the attendees.

Tysabri is a relatively new drug, and I doubt my neurologist has more than a few patients on it. This neurologist does not specialize in MS but still drew what appeared to be at least 40 Medicare patients all on Tysabri out on a Wednesday night to wander around a hospital until they found the basement conference room. He said he organized the meeting (I wasn’t aware he had organized it until it had started) to eliminate some questions floating around. In other words, to get his Medicare patients to shut up about taking “medication holidays” and switching from Tysabri.

When we showed up, we were asked to fill out additional paperwork for government records. This raises another question – did taxpayer money go to fund this virtual sales pitch? It seems as though this doctor just got Tysabri to put together a thing for all his medicare patients so he could get them in a room together and tell them there is no hope on any drug other than Tysabri.

The meeting started with him saying no one can tell you what drug to take, but the message that followed was very different. Essentially, the message was that interferons and betaseron are bad and don’t work and that the new oral drugs (Cladribine and Fingolimod) kill you with cancer and infections. That marijuana has no effect on MS symptoms and that people just like to get high. We were all but promised that people don’t die from PML and that MS patients no longer have any attacks once they’re on Tysabri.

Following the doctor/patient bullying session, the sales rep came over to give me his expert medical advice. The whole event left me seething. If I decide to take the risk and go on Tysabri it isn’t going to be the result of the 3 questionable men running the show last night. PML is a scary thing and no one should be mocked for fearing it. The statistics presented last night (if you can trust them) are that only about 1/4 of people on Tysabri who develop PML will die from it, but the rest will be left with permanent disability ranging from mild to the need for life support. 1/1000 Tysabri users will develop PML and your chance of developing it increases with use.

None of our options for Disease Modifying Drugs are great. They all have drawbacks. Rebif is only supposed to reduce my relapses by 30% and no one can say what the last 18 months would have been like if I had not been on it. I have less options for neurologists than if I lived in a more metropolitan area, but I now know another doctor that has made it to my never in a million years list.

I understand that pharmaceutical companies are businesses expecting to make money. Sometimes they fail spectacularly in creating a drug and future drug prices make up for it. Sometimes they are spectacularly successful, but it is still incredibly expensive to develop the drug and prices are affected by that. Even so, when Rebif representatives call me they want to know how my health is. They don’t want me to die from liver failure just so that they can sell more Rebif.

I have nothing against Tysabri. I may even have to switch to it soon.

I have been on Rebif for over a year, but I’ve had several attacks (although I don’t think I’ve had any new lesions). According to the sales reps there, Tysabri doesn’t help prevent MS attacks following viral infections, although he was adamant that if I had an MS attack for any reason on Rebif that it’s not controlled and I should switch to Tysabri. With Rebif, sometimes the injection pain is terrible and sometimes I hardly feel it. The real issue at hand is liver function. I’m borderline and monitoring this is becoming increasingly difficult.

As of 2010 my insurance company, Cigna, has decided that blood tests ordered by a neurologist do not follow normal coverage guidelines and must come out of my deductible. Therefore, one simple blood test for liver function cost me nearly $400. I’m not sure I know anyone who is willing to spend $1600 a year on blood tests if they can avoid it. There were years in college when that’s all I spent on rent!

If my liver function deteriorates and I decide to shell out another $400 to find this out, then my options are Copaxone and Tysabri. After last night, I’m leaning toward Copaxone, daily injections and all.

Interferon injections are more than unpleasant.

I am so glad I make a habit of reading BBC News daily as US news agencies frequently skim over important things in favor of the shocking or violent. Today they published a story about new oral multiple sclerosis treatments that are likely to be available in England in 2011. As someone whose liver does not particularly like Interferon and is afraid of the risk of death from Tysabri infusions this might be a godsend. Since interferons are not available as generics (they contain living organisms and are exempt from status that would let them ever become generic) this could open inexpensive and more successful treatment options to a host of people who have no option but to live with the effects of the disease untreated. The full article and link to it are pasted below, but here is the basic information you want:

• The oral drugs in question are Fingolimod and Cladribine
• The drugs are considerably more effective at reducing relapses than current available treatments
• The drugs may increase your chances of herpes and cancer

Trials spark hope of pill for MS

Oral drugs to treat multiple sclerosis could become available in 2011 after promising results in two trials.

Drug licences have been applied for and the MS Society said it was “great news” for people with MS – current treatments involve injections or infusions.

The trials of the drugs each involved 1,000 people in over 18 countries, the New England Journal of Medicine says.

Cladribine and Fingolimod, which come as tablets, cut relapse rates by 50-60% over two years compared with placebos.

Fingolimod was also tested against the widely used injection, beta interferon 1a. The trial showed the new drug was twice as effective in reducing the number of relapses over a year.

“ The evidence is now there and we will be working with the relevant authorities to make sure those who will benefit can get access ”

- Dr Doug Brown, Biomedical Research Manager at the MS Society

MRI images from the side make you look like a monster!

My first year of MS diagnosis wrapped up about a month ago and I’ve been reflecting on all the randomness and misinformation about the disease. As a lot of things in my life begin to come together (I’m growing up finally!) I find myself mourning the diagnosis more now than I did initially. Here comes the first downer post of 2010!

No one knows what causes MS and there is no cure. The idea of the cure is threefold: 1 – prevention of the disease, 2 – prevention of further progression of the disease, and 3 – reversal of disability caused by the disease. Theories are that those genetically prone to it may have it set off by exposure to a virus (probably the Epstein-Barr virus), that is is solely due to a vitamin D deficiency, and that a vascular disorder causes a backup of blood that leads to iron deposits in the brain. At any rate, the effect is that the immune system attacks the central nervous system, destroying myelin and the nerves that it protects. About 3/4 of all those diagnosed with MS are women.

For the newly diagnosed:

• Find a neurologist you like and trust. Don’t be afraid to switch.
• Most of your problems are invisible – don’t expect anyone to understand (sorry).
• Whatever feels unbearable right now will probably pass.
• Watch the webcasts, listen to the podcasts, and get Momentum magazine.
• Stay out of the heat at all costs.
• Holistic remedies are not proven to be effective. If it sounds crazy it probably is.
• Neurologic problems and muscle relaxers often lead to sleep apnea.
• Common MS symptoms are : fatigue, lack of balance, random pain from innocuous stimuli, spasticity, blurry vision, vertigo
• There are several types of MS. Relapsing-Remitting means you have an attack and then heal to some degree. Progressive means you have a gradual loss of ability that does not heal. Some people with relapsing-remitting will then develop progressive MS
• Deaths resulting from MS are usually caused by liver failure resulting from Interferon or by infection due to lack of mobility. In general your lifespan will not be shortened.
• You absolutely will never get the reaction you expect or desire when you tell someone about your diagnosis.
• No two people with MS will ever have more than a passing similarity of symptoms or progression.
• Caffeine makes all symptoms worse.
• You will eventually develop a sense of humor about what you’re going through. That doesn’t mean you won’t freak out from time to time.
• Cats are good for people with health problems. Really. My neurologist has a whole poster up about it.
• Everyone needs a “care partner.” Will has been amazing to me. Amazing.

I had dealt with spasms in my right eyelid for about a year when I went to my optometrist.  She decided that it was more than just stress and referred me to a lid specialist who treated me with 3 sessions of Botox injections over the course of nearly a year. Every time the Botox wore off the spasms would start again, so we pursued an MRI to check for nerve damage. I have a family history of MS – my father has it as well as 2 of his sisters.  The lid specialists said that he had about 20 new patients every week who needed Botox injections to stop those pesky eye twitches and none had ever had MS.

Being extremely claustrophobic I requested an open MRI. Having now had both an open and closed MRI I just recommend the closed one. Open MRIs are really not that “open” and take less detailed images. The MRI takes a long time, the contrast fluid feels terrible, and when you ask the tech if they see anything unusual they will lie badly. The best description I can give you of the sound is that it reminds me of some industrial music I’ve heard. You have to keep your mind occupied during the hour or two you’re in an MRI – being fascinated with myths I think I told myself the story of Isis and Osiris both times.

When I filled in the pre-MRI paperwork there was a list of things that can be caused by the contrast fluid – difficulty speaking, walking, etc etc. As I got out of the machine I felt immediately odd and discovered that when I tried to talk I couldn’t pronounce words correctly. Over the next few days my pronunciation deteriorated as did my handwriting and balance. From an outsider’s perspective I’m sure I seemed drunk. I began to think this was more than just the contrast fluid. We went to Virginia to visit Will’s brother, sister-in-law, and newborn nephew that weekend and I found myself having trouble with everything from brushing my hair to applying mascara. I was afraid to hold the baby much in case my arm betrayed me. On the drive back my arm suddenly became weak. Within the next 2 days I had paralysis in my right arm and hand and in parts of the right side of my face.

When I returned to work I was faced with a voicemail confirming my MS diagnosis, a referral to a neurologist, and an email sent to my employer’s mailing list about a coworker whose wife had taken her own life because of MS.

Filling in endless paperwork is great fun with a mostly paralyzed hand. The best way I can describe this is if you’re holding the eraser end of a 2 foot long pencil. Typing and using a mouse were nearly impossible, no one could understand me when I talked, and I couldn’t write legibly. Communication was difficult for weeks. My initial research told me that MS was a painless disease and that it doesn’t decrease your lifespan. That people who live near the equator don’t get it. That 15% of people with MS commit suicide. That 400,000 people in the US are diagnosed with it. Don’t tell your boss about it, and don’t expect anyone to give you the reaction you want when you tell them about it. There is a difference between MS symptoms and an MS attack. MS Symptoms : fatigue, lack of balance, random pain from innocuous stimulus, spasticity, blurry vision, vertigo, etc. MS Attacks (or exacerbations) : When a new, more permanent symptom occurs suddenly and lasts for more than 24 hours (like paralysis, muscle weakness, blindness, etc). I learned that there was something called an “MS Hug” but couldn’t figure out what that was. It sounded cute!

I had to tell my boss. I would be fired unless I explained why my productivity halted and I seemed drunk. MS is a TOTALLY painful disease. And a recent study reports that about 1 million people in the US have some form of paralysis from MS, so there must be far more than 400,000 with it. The first worry I had was that I would be such a burden on my husband. How long could I work? Only 30% of people diagnosed with MS can work, and even if I could how much worse will his life be with a disabled partner? My father has MS and so do I. Will my brother be the next to be diagnosed with it? My nieces? Then I worry about healthcare. When something like this happens to you the health insurance industry looks VERY different very quickly. I find myself with a huge crush on Britain’s healthcare system. Since Obama’s election stem cell research with regards to MS has made vast leaps. What happens next election if it’s suddenly banned (again) and our greatest hope for a cure vanishes (again)?

My first neurologist was terrible. He was dismissive, unhelpful, rude, and racist. After my first appointment with him he had me begin a steroid infusion on-site. The Solumedrol burned like fire going into my veins and made me taste metal for hours afterward. As I walk out I grab what looks to be a very encouraging publication on MS. Turns out a woman is celebrating all that she’s gained from a life of MS : a husband who has been there for her after she lost her house, most of their furniture, turned to welfare, and she can no longer leave her bed. Whoever approved that article needs to be flogged.

As new nerves began routing I could gradually speak more clearly and write a little better, but progress was like watching grass grow. Suddenly my fancy new nerves went mutinous. While I didn’t have strength enough to hold up a toothbrush with my right hand I would have a cramp that would close my fist so hard I made my own palms bleed. When I was in crippling pain 5 – 7 times a day with unbearable muscle cramps all down the right side of my body he shrugged and said maybe we could do another MRI. Then he found occasion to make fun of Native Americans after noticing on my chart that I am part Cherokee.

I discovered there was another neurologist in Greenville and promptly switched. I love my neurologist now. He reviewed my MRI and told me I had 4 lesions but that I should get a spinal tap to ensure that my insurance would pay for treatment. He prescribed Baclofen (a muscle relaxer) for the muscle spasms.

The spinal tap was interesting. I thought it would be quick but it was not. He made sure Will was sitting down because apparently husbands tend to faint during the process. He painted my back with something – iodine maybe? He joked about how he was a great target painter. I asked how his aim was. He said not to worry about that. Spinal taps feel crazy. Having a needle jammed between your vertebrae feels exactly like having a needle jammed between your vertebrae. The metal conducts electrical signals which shoot down your legs. You have to wait for fluid to slowly drip out until several vials are filled. Spinal fluid is basically blood without the clotting agent. With no clotting agent it takes a long time to heal and may continue to leak out after the tap. This is why headaches are common after this occurs.

Baclofen was a mixed blessing. Starting it caused the cramps to worsen dramatically. In one day it happened over 30 times before I went to the ER. After ramping it up for several weeks I still had muscle spasms and cramps, but not in the unbearable way I had before. It made me drowsy and loopy. I fall asleep multiple times a day and it was a month before I could safely drive a car. I began taking Rebif which is a disease modifying drug. This means it lowers the occurrence of MS attacks (by about 30%). Without insurance coverage this would cost me about $7000 for a 3 month supply. With insurance it costs $200. They sent a local nurse out to show us how to use it, and it comes with an auto-injector. Feels like a bee-sting going in, burns like poison once it’s under the skin. The injection sites look like I’ve been hit by a baseball. I give myself injections Sunday, Tuesday, and Thursday. The cats have learned to stay upstairs while I do this. Will has learned to wait till it’s over to ask if I’m okay.

Progression was very slow. Over time my handwriting returned to something like normal. Because I was using new nerve routes, there were times when addressing an envelope or writing out a check left me breathless and exhausted. I had been damn good at guitar hero (in my humble opinion) but my lack of coordination now relegates me to Easy Mode. I realized how much time I had wasted not writing, playing piano, drawing, etc. when I had the ability.

In autumn I finally learned what the MS hug is and it is not cute. It feels like you’re being squeezed to death and the pain is so intense it causes me to vomit. I nearly cried with joy in the ER when they brought out a tray of 7 (SEVEN!) mystery vials to knock me out with. I never even felt them put in my iv. The cure for the MS hug? Lots of Valium. Lovely, lovely Valium.

Less than a year after my first attack, which apparently began literally inside the MRI machine, I had a second attack following a bout with the flu. Apparently the flu often precedes an MS attack. This time it hit my right leg mostly which leaves me unable to walk far. Instead of having on-site steroid infusions I was sent to St. Francis for it. They are great. You get a nice little room with a TV and they dilute the stuff in a solution which isn’t painful at all and hardly tastes of metal. My recovery thus far has been like lightning compared to my first attack.

That brings us up to speed. It’s not fun to live with and, at least for me, the daily symptoms are more of a nuisance than the exacerbations. There are things I can do to help myself that I don’t. But I’m going to. New Year’s resolutions usually fall by the wayside, but here goes anyway :

• Regularly practicing hatha yoga improves balance and reduces spasticity. Mindfulness exercises such as this also improve your outlook and focus in daily life. I will (for real this time) start a yoga routine.
• Meditation and guided imagery help reduce the stress and improves the mental outlook for those with MS. I will (for real this time) start a meditation routine.
• Eating certain foods that reduce inflammation may contribute to less frequent MS attacks. I will (for real this time) start following a diet.
• Stress can lead to psuedo-attacks. I often joke to Will : “Don’t make me angry! You wouldn’t like me when I’m angry! My vision goes blurry and I fall down a lot!” I shall strive for apathy when people let their toddlers wander into the street or bicyclists scrub my car when weaving through stopped traffic.

Hopefully these changes will help slow my progression of the disease. More information is available on almost a weekly basis about MS, and misinformation is probably even more common.  As I weed through it all I will post the gems here. Let’s all hope for a cure soon — or even three!